TEXT 1: THE 30-MILLION-DOLLAR SANDWICH

1 During the sixties, the United States was locked in a race with the Soviet Union for dominance in space. The question became
2 who would get to the Moon first. In March 1.965, NASA launched the spaceship Gemini 3 to develop space travel techniques in
3 weightless conditions. It was the first U.S. mission to carry two astronauts —John Young and his crewmate, Gus Grissom.
4 As the frozen meals that NASA had selected were not exactly appetizing to Young's palate, he slipped a beef sandwich into
5 his pocket just before the spaceship was launched. Two days later at lunchtime, Young shared a bite of his hidden sandwich with
6 Grissom. Suddenly, breadcrumbs started floating around due to the lack of gravity, putting at risk the pieces of equipment that kept
7 the 30-million spacecraft running. Aware of the serious threat, the astronauts opted to put the sandwich away and continued their
8 mission with crumbs floating around the cabin.
9 Young's special menu didn't cause any harm but it became a bigger issue back on Earth, resulting in an official review to
10 discuss the incident. Young was given an official reprimand, the first ever for a NASA member. He eventually regretted taking the
11 sandwich to space, but he later wrote that he didn't think it was such a big deal. Firstly, because to his knowledge, it wasn't even
12 the first "illegal" sandwich but the third. And secondly, he joked, it didn't even have mustard!
13 While the infamous sandwich is no longer available, a similar one, preserved in acrylic, is on display at the Grissom Memorial
14 Museum. It immortalizes the historic moment when an astronaut dared to eat a beef sandwich in space.

1. According to the text, …
(a) Young was reprehended because of the sandwich.
(b) Gemini 3 was the first spacecraft to get to the Moon.
(c) breadcrumbs damaged part of the spaceship.
(d) Young wanted to play a joke on his mission companion.

2. According to the text, Young managed to…
(a) eat the sandwich without being noticed.
(b) keep on with the mission work.
(c) make NASA change space menus.
(d) hide food inside the spacecraft equipment.

3. NASA made inquiries into the sandwich affair.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

4. Young apologised right away for what he had done.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

5. According to Young, no one had ever dared to do what he did.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

6. The remains of the sandwich are exhibited for visitors to see.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

7. FIND IN THE TEXT:

7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: "yummy" (adjective)
7.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: "conscious" (adjective)

8. FIND IN THE TEXT:

8.1. ONE WORD MEANING: "to cause someone or something to be remembered for a very long time."
8.2. ONE WORD MEANING: "to say something funny to make people laugh."

TEXT 2: YOUR NOSE KNOWS

1 Smell is a powerful sense. Why can a particular smell take us immediately to a vivid moment of our past? Smell and memory
2 are so closely linked because, according to Harvard professor Venkatesh Murthy, "olfactory signals have direct access to the limbic
3 system —the brain centre of emotion and memory." Smell also plays a huge role in taste. When you chew, food molecules "make
4 their way back to your nasal epithelium, so what you consider flavour is really smell." Murthy says you can check this by pinching
5 your nose when eating chocolate. With your nose passageway blocked, you'll just taste sweetness instead of chocolate's distinctive
6 flavour.
7 History confirms the importance of smell. Hieroglyphics show Ancient Egyptians making perfume as long ago as 3,000 BC.
8 Egyptian priests burnt aromatic resins to sweeten the air in holy ceremonials and burials because they believed that this ritual
9 connected humans with the gods. When those tombs were opened in the 1800s, the perfumes still maintained their original smells.
10 There are also references to perfume in the Bible, and Chinese writings on aromatic products date even further back. So, when
11 was perfumery born? Well, Stone Age humans had fire and could burn fragrant woods, but until archaeologists come across new
12 evidence, we can only guess.
13 In 16th- and 17th-century Europe, people associated unpleasant smells with disease. Wealthy people used scented things like
14 cosmetics or perfumed gloves in the hope that their pleasant aroma could protect them against infection.
15 Unsurprisingly, today's perfume industry is a multi-million market. The latest thing: exclusive stores and hotels which have their
16 own signature scents to make a lasting impression on customers through the power of perfume.

9. According to the text, the use of perfumed substances in Ancient Egypt…
(a) is mentioned in the Bible.
(b) was meant to mask the smell of death.
(c) played a religious role.
(d) has not been documented.

10. Historically, perfume was once believed to…

(Choose the correct option according to Text 2: 'Your Nose Knows', lines 13-14: "In 16th- and 17th-century Europe, people associated unpleasant smells with disease. Wealthy people used scented things like cosmetics or perfumed gloves in the hope that their pleasant aroma could protect them against infection.")

(a) be a gift from the gods.
(b) intensify body smell.
(c) affect people's emotions.
(d) prevent illness.

11. Smell and memory are anatomically related.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

12. You can fully taste food even if you cover your nose.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

13. The use of perfume among primitive tribes has yet to be proved.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

14. Some top companies use perfume to make their brand unforgettable.
(Justify your answer with the precise words or phrases from the text, or use your own words.)

15. FIND IN THE TEXT:

15.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: "speculate" (verb)
15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: "sacred" (adjective)

16. FIND IN THE TEXT:

16.1. ONE WORD MEANING: "seeming like real life because it is very clear or detailed."
16.2. ONE WORD MEANING: "to bite and crush with your teeth."

17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:

17.1. "I … here for more than an hour and a half." (wait)
17.2. "You had better … at least three times a week." (exercise)

18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:

18.1. "As the office was closed, … could receive the parcel." somebody / anybody / nobody / everybody
18.2. "We need to concentrate … this project." in / on / with / about

19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: "The escaped criminal was seen at the train station yesterday by some passengers."

20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: "People say that Shakira is the best artist in South America."

21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: "Sonia used to drive to London twice a month."

22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: "Macbeth is a powerful play. I read it last month."

23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: "Everybody stayed indoors because the weather was cold." Due to…

24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: "As long as we invest our money wisely, …"

25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: "Every students must to call their parents right away."

26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: "She told her friend that she wasn't feeling well then."

27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: "'Shall I get you a drink?' she asked me."

28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:

a · won't · with · pity · it · travel · us · is · they

29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF AT LEAST 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:

29.1. "There should be more money spent on scientific research." Discuss.
29.2. The importance of personal care and beauty today. Discuss.