TEXTO A: How COVID-19 affects household spending
One of the many changes COVID-19 has caused in me is that I have grown to dislike spending money. Previously, I used to happily spend nearly £3 on takeaway coffees, or lunches for £10, or £9 glasses of wine at wildly overpriced bars. Throw in train and tube fares and the occasional taxi, and a day at the office could easily cost £50 or more. However, COVID-19 changed all that: lockdown has turned me into saving nearly all of my money. I don't travel any more. Even when the shops briefly reopened, I didn't buy any clothes. I now quite often make do with toast for lunch – I am trying to lose weight, so the twin aims of physical and financial health neatly stick together. Does this happen only to me? The first thing to say is that for some people this is not a lifestyle choice. Those who lost their jobs have had to write down all their expenses and plan, and shop in cheaper supermarkets and make things last. Some have even been forced to take their cars off the road to avoid taxes, and their kids have been unable to do their usual sports club activities. These are economies born of necessity. But even those fortunate enough to hang on to their jobs have been cutting back. In part, I think it reflects fear for the future. There also seems to be a new mood that this is no time for excess. The unemployed are suffering, and if people still in work go round wasting their money, that is seen as insulting. Some of my friends enjoy having to shop locally and be less consumer-driven. It feels like a cleaner lifestyle somehow, and it's helped them get out of the habit of unplanned spending and they are shopping more carefully, cutting down on travel costs and socializing after work or during their lunch hour; therefore, their savings, just like mine, have increased significantly since lockdown times. I believe we are all very careful now with our spending plans, which will have serious implications for the economy.
Do not copy literally from the text.
1. Why would a day in the office cost the author of the text at least £50?
2. Give three saving measures taken by the author of the text in COVID-19 times.
3. What cuts have those who have lost their jobs been forced to make?
4. How have the consumption and spending habits of the author's friends changed?
5. Fill in the gaps with the correct, most appropriate word in each case.
I have donated a (A) _____ more to charity (B) _____ I can normally afford to do. Donating more to charity (C) _____ been an important part of recognizing the imbalances (D) _____ those who have retained their jobs and those badly affected by lockdown rules.

TEXTO B: The history of table manners
In a painting by the 18th-century French artist Jean Baptiste Chardin, two young children are sitting down to eat. Their table is set in the kitchen of a great house, with pots and pans hanging on the walls, but it is elegantly laid. There is a cloth on the table, and two grand chairs for the children to sit at as they use their silver cutlery under a maid's supervision. It is 1.740 and they are learning to eat. Or rather, they are learning table manners. Where does food end and etiquette begin? Eating is a physical need, but meals are a social ritual. In 2.022 we celebrate the 161st anniversary of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, a guidebook about the wonderful world of table manners, first published in 1.861. In many ways it is a very modern book: 'the lady begins to serve the soup, starting with the gentleman on her right and on her left, and continuing in the same order until everyone is served. It is generally established as a rule not to ask for soup or fish twice, because if you do so, part of the company may be kept waiting for the second course.' In fact, Mrs Beeton's rules were the culmination of hundreds of years of changing manners. The children learning their table etiquette in Chardin's 1.740 painting are in the vanguard of a cultural revolution. Cutlery, as opposed to eating with your fingers; sitting up straight in a high-backed chair; these were innovations in the way people defined themselves at table in 18th-century Europe. Europeans in the Middle Ages had had little ceremony when it came to food; their manners consisted of making sure they didn't get too greasy when tearing meat with their fingers. Today, it might seem we have returned to medieval manners; barbecued wings and legs eaten with your hands, burgers, pizza... often eaten in front of the TV. And yet, in truth, table manners shape our lives as firmly as the lives of those children painted by Chardin in 1.740: we still consider table manners to be essential to a 'proper' meal.
Do not copy literally from the text.
1. What does the 1.790 painting by the French artist Jean Baptiste Chardin show?
2. What is so special about Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management in 2.022?
3. Why is the painting considered a representation of the front line of a cultural revolution?
4. What eating habits today resemble those of the Middle Ages?
5. Fill in the gaps with the correct, most appropriate word in each case.
The country you are visiting may have very different dining etiquette rules from what you are used (A) _____ . Depending (B) _____ the country, be (C) _____ to sit on the floor, eat with your hands, not eat with your hands, or try some exotic foods. To avoid (D) _____ many surprises, take some time to review the dining etiquette rules common at your destination.

6.A. Rephrase the following sentences so that their meaning is as similar to the original as possible. (0,25 por acierto = 1 punto)
a) 'When did you buy your car, Jill?' asked Tom. // Tom asked Jill how long…
b) 'Oh, my God! I didn't bring my keys' she suddenly exclaimed. // She didn't remember…
c) For a long time the earth was believed to be flat. // For a long time people…
d) I am sure Jim had left when they arrived. // Jim must…

6.B. Rephrase the following sentences so that their meaning is as similar to the original as possible. (0,25 por acierto = 1 punto)
a) That problem was very difficult; it was impossible to solve. // We weren't…
b) 'What do you want to do – have dinner at home or in a restaurant?' // Would you rather…?
c) This is our first visit to Madrid. // This is the first time…
d) He spends an enormous amount of money on beer. // An enormous amount of money…

7.A. Write a composition about the following topic (100-120 words) (4 puntos): Pros and cons of saving money.

7.B. Write a composition about the following topic (100-120 words) (4 puntos): Describe a family meal on a festive day of celebration.