Part 1: Listening comprehension. JUANITA. THE INCA MUMMY. In the following conversation you are going to hear some new words. Read and listen to them. Make sure you know what they mean. mummy: momia. attire: atuendo. bundle: paquete. burial site: lugar del entierro. appease: apaciguar. coca leaves: hojas de coca. docile: docil. blow: golpe. kneel: arrodillarse. QUESTIONS: Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct. [3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points. There is no penalty for unanswered questions.] 1. Which of the following sentences best describes Juanita? a) She was a rich, healthy girl who worked for the nobility b) She was a young, mature girl who looked after alpacas c) She was a young teenage girl who had malnutrition d) She was a rich, healthy girl who belonged to the Cuzco elite. 2. What did scientists study and analyse to find out what Juanita ate prior to her sacrifice? a) Her hair b) Her bones c) Her attire d) Her tissues. 3. What did the American anthropologist and his partner NOT find inside the parcel together with the mummy? a) Pottery b) Shells c) Llama dolls d) Volcano ash. 4. Why did doctors say that Juanita could have died a few weeks ago and not 500 years ago? a) The mummy was flawless because of the weather conditions at the top of the mountain b) The expression of Juanita's face was one of peace and the mummy was thin and cold c) Mt Ampato protected the mummy from the cold air of the Andes d) The volcanic eruption of Mt Ampato shook the young girl and it became mummified instantly. 5. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) The snow melted because of a volcanic eruption and pushed the bundle into the crater where it was found b) The mummy was found where the girl was killed, on top of Mt Ampato c) A Spanish soldier, who was also sacrificed, was found dead on the summit of Mt Ampato d) Reinhard came back to the place where Juanita was found. He went there with two children: a boy and a girl. 6. Which of these statements is FALSE about Capacocha? a) Capacocha was a sacrificial rite that took place near a lake b) Capacocha was carried out to stop natural disasters like earthquakes c) The best and healthiest children were sacrificed in Capacocha d) The Inca worshipped mountains and Capacocha was a way to please the gods. 7. When Juanita died: a) she was standing up, surrounded by alpaca, and looking up at the sky b) she was alone, naked, and not allowed to eat or drink except alcohol c) she had eaten potatoes and vegetables as she used to do at home d) she had been prepared with coca and alcohol for 6 or 8 weeks. 8. How did Juanita die? a) She was hit by a baseball bat b) Her feet were injured so that she could not move, and she died of cold c) She had a brain haemorrhage caused by a head injury d) She was left alone at the top of the mountain with no food or water and died of starvation.

Part 2: Reading comprehension. SOCCER IS THE WORLD'S MOST POPULAR SPORT. BUT WHO INVENTED IT? Soccer is by far the world's most popular sport, and for good reason -- beloved by at least 265 million people worldwide, it's easy to play in a random yard or field, and viewers instantly relate to the players racing across stadiums in different parts of the world. But if you're looking for the earliest ancestor of all that running, kicking, and cooperating, be ready to turn back your watch. The Chinese were the first to kick balls into nets for sport in the third century B.C., and the game known globally as football was formalized in England in the 19th century. But the predecessor of most modern ball games can be found in the Americas. The idea of the team sport was invented in Mesoamerica. In Mesoamerica, civilizations flourished well before Columbus discovered them, and many of them played a sport that involved a heavy ball made from a substance derived from tree resin. It is unclear exactly where the game was invented, but it was popular across Mesoamerican cultures like the Teotihuacanos, Aztecs, and Maya beginning about 3,000 years ago. Its name varied -- ullamaliztli in Aztec, pok-ta-pok or pitz in Maya. So did its rules, which included moves such as keeping the ball in play by bumping it with body parts or using racquets or bats. Many of these games were played with rubber balls. Aztec players bounced the ball back and forth between teams using only their hips and buttocks (feet or hands were off limits). They tried to hit the back wall of their opponents' courts with just one bounce, often sustaining life-threatening injuries when they were hit with the hard, heavy ball. Though it was played as an everyday pickup sport, this ball game also held a sacred place in religion and warfare for Mesoamerican cultures. Aztec kings reportedly played it as a substitute for war, gaining ruling rights or diffusing diplomatic dramas with a game of ball. In Maya and Veracruz cultures, the stakes were even higher: the losers of some ritual games were sacrificed. Though other cultures played similar games, the modern sport was created in British schools in the 19th century. In the mid 19th century, developments gave people the leisure to travel to competitive matches. By the 1840s, British schools created their own standards of play. As the sport's popularity ballooned, players banded together in the London Football Association. By the 1870s, some teams had begun to recruit widely, secretly paying working-class league members. Upper-class footballers wanted the sport to remain amateur, but in 1.885, they agreed to allow professional players. By 1.904, the sport had gone international, and FIFA began that same year. After the sport debuted in the 1.908 Olympic Games and the first FIFA World Cup in 1.930, professional soccer flourished. But the heart of the sport has always been on the field, where everyone from small children to seasoned pro athletes can enjoy the action. QUESTIONS: Choose the best answer according to the text. Only ONE answer is correct. [3 points: 0.375 points for each correct answer. Wrong answers will be penalized by deducting 0.125 points.] Questions 1-8 on the text.

Part 3: Writing. Choose ONE topic. Your answer should be 125-150 words in length. There is no specific penalty for exceeding 150 words in length. Extra points are not given for exceeding 150 words. [4 points] 1. Travelling by plane leaves an enormous carbon footprint that contributes to global warming. Yet, flying is often the fastest means of transport between two locations. Write an opinion essay discussing whether a government should regulate the citizens' use of transportation based on environmental criteria. 2. Write a descriptive essay about an occurrence that taught you a lot about how to deal (or how not to deal) with people. You can focus on one event or person, or on something that you learnt gradually in different situations. 3. Many cities in Europe are changing their traffic patterns by eliminating lanes for cars while opening more lanes for bicycles and battery-powered scooters and promoting public transportation. Some people like the idea of fewer cars in cities, but some business owners say that fewer cars means fewer customers. In addition, some residents say that taking public transportation is not always an option. Write a for-and-against essay about campaigns to restrict private car traffic in cities.