Read the following text:

Summers are for vacations — that's a truth so universally acknowledged as to be almost self-evident. Families travel while kids are out of school, and office workers flee to vacation in ideal weather. Yet, as summers continue to warm, these vacations could give way to “shoulder season” alternatives in spring and autumn months. In other words, tourists could change when (or even where) they visit.

Escaping to the Spanish coast for the summer used to sound like a dream. Last year it turned into more of a nightmare for Mediterranean travellers. The coastal city of Valencia, Spain, saw temperatures reach 116 degrees Fahrenheit (46 degrees Celsius) in August, a record high. That came amid Spain's limits on air conditioning use in public spaces, leaving tourists to sweat it out.

These trends are only likely to get worse, driving travellers away from hot beachside destinations in Europe, according to a July report from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. Southern coastal regions such as Greece, Italy and Spain are expected to see a drop in tourism if temperatures continue to increase.

On the other hand, colder destinations in Northern Europe could actually see more vacationers. Denmark, France and the United Kingdom could receive more tourists because of higher temperatures, according to the report. Greenland, which is mostly covered with ice, is expecting to see far more tourists in the coming decades, with a new airport opened in 2.024. Closer to home, many popular destinations have already been affected by rising temperatures. The namesake glaciers of Glacier National Park have lost an average of 40% of their size between 1.966 and 2.015, according to the National Park Service. Florida's coral reefs were dying under the stress of record ocean temperatures this summer.

1. Answer both subsections in this question. (2.5 points)

1.1. Indicate whether the following statements are True, False or the information is Not Given in the text (T/F/NG). In true and false cases, copy the part of the text which justifies your answer. (1.5 points)

1. Soaring summer temperatures across southern Europe could prompt a lasting shift in tourist habits.
2. Some vacationers had a pretty bad time last year.
3. Non-beach holiday destinations could become a growing trend soon.
4. The new airport was a success as many travellers used it to get to their destinations.
5. High temperatures haven't had an effect on popular holiday destinations.
6. Luckily, natural ecosystems are not expected to be affected in 2.026.

1.2. Find a synonym for each of the following words. (1 point)

1. accepted
2. get to
3. tendencies
4. reduction
5. the highest ever

2. Answer both subsections in this question. (2.5 points)

2.1. Write a NEW sentence that has the same meaning as the given one(s). Use the word or expression in brackets. (1.5 points)

1. "Let's have a party on Friday", Pattie said to me. (suggested)
2. Is it all right for me to leave work half an hour early today? (mind)
3. Tourism will increase in the next few years. Some cities will become much more expensive. (not only)
4. I'm sure that Peter is at home because the phone is engaged. (must)
5. "I will definitely try to do more for the sake of all those who are suffering!" (she promised)
6. Henry finds it strange to eat snails. (not used)

2.2. Answer the following questions about pronunciation. (1 point)

1. Which of the following words includes the same vowel sounds as in "clear"? heard, pear, hair, disappear.
2. In which word is the ending "-es" pronounced the same as in "changes"? centres, introduces, assembles, fakes.
3. In which two words is the vowel "i" pronounced differently from the sound in "tip"? video, win, sit, vital, rich, alive, still, ship.
4. Which pair of words does not rhyme? ball – tall, dawn – lawn, talk – walk, warm – arm.

3. In this text, fill in the gaps with the most suitable option from the four options given for each gap. (2.5 points)

Alex: Hey Mia, have you heard about the 1.________ concerts happening in London next summer? The line-up looks amazing!
1. live / mainstream / most / life

Mia: Yeah, I've seen some of the announcements! I'm really excited. There are so many great artists 2.________. Have you decided which ones you want to go to?
2. play / performing / entering / feature

Alex: Definitely! I'm planning to see The 1.975 at Wembley. I've been waiting to see them play 3.________. What about you?
3. since a long time / ever since / for ages / before

Mia: Oh, that sounds awesome! I'm hoping to get tickets for Coldplay. They're doing a few shows at the O2 Arena, and I've never seen them before. It's 4.________ to be an incredible experience.
4. maybe / definitely / supposed / for sure

Alex: Yeah, I heard their shows are amazing, especially with all the lights and special effects. You 5.________ definitely go! Do you think it'll be hard to get tickets, though?
5. need / will / might / should

Mia: Probably. Coldplay tickets always sell out really fast. I'll have to be online the moment they go on sale. But it's 6.________ it! I might also check out some of the smaller gigs, like indie bands or local artists.
6. worth / simple / a tough one / really

Alex: That's a good idea. London's full of smaller 7.________ with great music. Sometimes those concerts are even better because they feel more intimate, you know? You can be so close to the stage.
7. shops / entrances / squares / venues

Mia: Exactly! And the tickets are usually more 8.________. Plus, it's fun to discover new artists before they get really famous. Do you know if any festivals are happening next summer? I'd love to go to one.
8. expensive / cheap / affordable / often

Alex: I think Glastonbury is on again, but I haven't checked the full line-up 9.________. There's also BST Hyde Park. They usually have a mix of big-name artists and up-and-coming ones. It could be a fun day out.
9. already / actually / ever / yet

Mia: Oh yeah. I went to BST Hyde Park last year, and it was such a great vibe!

Alex: That sounds perfect. Let's keep an eye on the ticket sales and make sure we don't 10.________. Next summer is going to be epic!
10. go / lose / miss out / remind

4. Answer ONE of the following subsections. (2.5 points)

4.1. Write an opinion article about this topic: Is graffiti an art form or is it vandalism? (120 words)

4.2. Write a letter to a landlord inquiring about a flat that s/he has for rent for next year, when you will be at university. (120 words)