TEXT A — Smartphones and children. Research shows over 90% of children already have a smartphone by the age of 11. According to a recent poll, 37% of 9 to 11-year-olds in the United States already have a smartphone; in the UK, 44% own one at age nine and the figure reaches 91% by age 11. A group of researchers analysing data from over 17,000 participants aged 10-21 found that higher use of social media at ages 11-13 for girls and 14-15 for boys predicted lower life satisfaction a year later. On the other hand, one expert says that assuming smartphone use is entirely bad is not supported by scientific evidence: a University of California psychology professor found no consistent link between digital technology use and child/adolescent mental health. Children hate hypocrisy: they hate being told off for something their parents do too, like using the phone at mealtimes or going to bed with a phone.
TASK 1 — Decide whether statements 1.1 to 1.4 are TRUE or FALSE and find a text fragment that confirms your answer. Write 'TRUE' or 'FALSE' plus the fragment.
1.1. Between 9 and 11 years of age, more British than American kids have a smartphone.
1.2. Girls who use social media very frequently experience life dissatisfaction at a younger age than boys who also make a frequent use of social media.
1.3. There is a clear relationship between high use of digital devices and poor mental health in children and adolescents.
1.4. To be honest, parents who use their phones at mealtimes or when they go to bed should not punish their children for doing so too.
TASK 2 — Complete each sentence with information from the text but using your own words (about 10-15 words). DO NOT COPY LITERALLY.
2.1. 15 and 16 year-old teenagers ___.
2.2. Children's maturity ___.

TEXT B — Andrew Tate and Greta Thunberg. Although Andrew Tate was a kickboxing world champion four times, he didn't start to be famous until he started on social media. He became popular because he describes himself as a misogynist and advocate for men's rights. He was forced to leave Twitter after saying women 'bear responsibility for being sexually assaulted,' but he has been readmitted since Elon Musk took over the platform. He showed off his collection of expensive cars and claimed to have made his money from a webcam business, dating women and encouraging them to perform on camera, earning him $600,000 per month with 75 women working for him from four different locations. Greta Thunberg began a movement against climate change at age 15. She addressed the 2.018 United Nations Climate Change conference and accused world leaders of not doing enough. In December 2.022, Tate made fun of Greta with a tweet boasting of his collection of 33 cars; she replied with a fake email address mocking the size of his manhood. In a video response, a pizza box revealed Tate's location in Romania and he was arrested under accusations of human trafficking.
TASK 1 — Choose the best option (A, B, or C) for items 1.1 to 1.4.
1. Andrew Tate …
A. … owes his fame to his career as a kickboxer principally.
B. … has publicly said that women have some responsibility in being sexually attacked.
C. … was forced to leave Twitter when Elon Musk took over the platform.
2. Over half a million dollars is …
A. … what Andrew Tate has earned with videos showing women performing for him.
B. … the estimated value of Tate's collection of cars.
C. … what Tate paid to the 75 women who agreed to perform in his videos.
3. According to the text, in 2.018 Greta Thunberg …
A. … received the Time's Most Influential People's award.
B. … accused world leaders of not doing enough against climate change.
C. … spoke in front of thousands of children who shared her environmental concerns.
4. Social media were set on fire …
A. … in support of Greta Thunberg, who had been laughed at by Andrew Tate.
B. … after an exchange of emails between Greta Thunberg and Andrew Tate.
C. … when Andrew Tate was arrested under accusations of human trafficking.
TASK 2 — Complete each sentence with your own words (10-15 words). DO NOT COPY LITERALLY.
2.1. Andrew Tate ___.
2.2. Greta Thunberg ___.

TASK 3 — Complete the text choosing the best option (A, B, or C) for each gap (1-15). Use CAPITAL LETTERS.
Historians believe the Maya people of Central America first learned to farm cacao plants around two thousand years (1) … . The Maya took the cacao leaves from the rainforests and grew (2) … in their gardens. They cooked the cacao seeds, then crushed them into a soft paste. They mixed (3) … paste with water and spices to make an unsweetened chocolate drink. The Maya poured the chocolate drink back and forth (4) … two containers so that the liquid had a layer of bubbles, or foam.
Cacao and chocolate were an important part of Maya culture. (5) … are often images of cacao plants on Maya buildings and art objects. Ruling families (6) … chocolate at special ceremonies. (7) … even poorer members of society could enjoy the drink once in a (8) … . Historians believe that cacao seeds were (9) … used in marriage ceremonies as a sign of the union (10) … husband and wife.
The cacao plant could not grow in the area (11) … the Aztecs lived, so they traded to get cacao. Only the very wealthy people in Aztec societies (12) … afford to drink chocolate because cacao was so valuable. The Aztec ruler Montezuma (13) … to drink fifty cups of chocolate every day.
Some experts believe the word for chocolate came from the Aztec word 'xocolatl,' (14) … in the Nahuatl language means 'bitter water'. (15) … believe the word 'chocolate' was created by combining Mayan and Nahuatl words.
Options:
1. a) ago b) time c) back
2. a) it b) up c) them
3. a) a b) the c) –
4. a) between b) across c) within
5. a) These b) There c) They
6. a) drink b) drank c) drunk
7. a) But b) Although c) And
8. a) while b) period c) short
9. a) not b) also c) too
10. a) with b) into c) between
11. a) where b) which c) whose
12. a) should b) could c) ought
13. a) believed b) was believed c) had believed
14. a) who b) whose c) which
15. a) Other b) Another c) Others

TASK 4 — Complete THREE of the following sentences so that each keeps the meaning of the sentence printed before it and includes a clear change of linguistic structure. COPY THE COMPLETE SENTENCES.
4.1. The company director said, "It's not true, we won't sell the business!"
The company director denied _____ the business.
4.2. I didn't say hello because I didn't see you.
If I _____ hello.
4.3. I'm sure you've seen her because she was standing right in front of you.
You _____ her, surely, because she was standing right in front of you.
4.4. Travelling by train is not as fast as travelling by plane but it is less expensive.
Travelling by plane _____ than travelling by train.
4.5. All the hotel staff are treating us really well.
We _____ all the hotel staff.

TASK 5 — Choose ONE of the four options below (a, b, c, or d) and write the corresponding text (150-175 words).
a) Argumentative writing. Loving your job is more important than making a lot of money with it. Discuss. WRITE AN ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT including arguments in favor of and against this statement.
b) Descriptive writing. Last year you worked as a summer camp instructor in the United States. Describe the job to a Norwegian friend who is thinking of applying for it (necessary skills, daily schedule, types of activities, responsibilities, camp facilities, salary, etc.). WRITE A PARAGRAPH describing the job.
c) Opinion writing. Parents should be able to choose their babies' traits (physical and personality-related characteristics) before they are born. Do you agree? WRITE AN OPINION PARAGRAPH/TEXT.
d) Email writing. You and your dad are crazy about surf. You go to Hawaii for a surf competition. On your second day, you went surfing and saved another surfer's life. WRITE AN EMAIL to your mom telling her (a) what happened to this surfer, (b) how you and your dad saved her, (c) how she and her family have thanked you for that, (d) what you plan to do for the rest of your stay.