TEXT A. Research shows over 90% of children already have a smartphone by the age of 11. But is this wise? Although many parents worry that smartphones are a Pandora's box, the jury is still out as to how this really impacts the lives of children and teens. According to a recent poll, 37% of 9 to 11-year-olds in the United States already have a smartphone. In the United Kingdom, 44% of children own a smartphone at the age of nine, and this figure goes up to 91% by age 11. And 39% of 5 to 16-year-olds surveyed said they could not live without their phone. But it was teenagers aged 15 and 16 who couldn't handle it the most. So what impact does this have? In an analysis of data from over 17,000 participants aged between 10 and 21, a group of researchers found that higher use of social media at ages 11 to 13 for girls, and 14 to 15 for boys, predicted lower life satisfaction a year later, and the other way around, lower social media use at this age predicted higher life satisfaction the following year. The researchers say this is related to the fact that girls tend to go through puberty earlier than boys. On the other hand, one expert says, assuming that smartphone use is entirely bad is not supported by scientific evidence. A professor of psychology at the University of California analysed a large body of studies looking at the link between digital technology use and child and adolescent mental health and found no consistent link. 'The biggest finding really was a disconnect between what people believe, including adolescents themselves, and what the evidence actually says,' she explained. Whatever the research says, some children and teens do struggle as the result of using smartphones, and parents must pay attention to this and decide what's right for their child's level of maturity and needs. And, as part of that, parents must also take an honest look at their own smartphone use. Children hate hypocrisy: they hate being told off for something that their parents do too, like using the phone at mealtimes or going to bed with a phone.
1. Read the text and decide whether statements 1.1 to 1.4 are true or false. Then, find a text fragment which confirms your answer in either case. [4 items x 0.5 marks = 2 marks]
1.1. Between 9 and 11 years of age, more British than American kids have a smartphone.
1.2. Girls who use social media very frequently experience life dissatisfaction at a younger age than boys who also make a frequent use of social media.
1.3. There is a clear relationship between high use of digital devices and poor mental health in children and adolescents.
1.4. To be honest, parents who use their phones at mealtimes or when they go to bed should not punish their children for doing so too.

Text A — Smartphones and children.
2. Complete each sentence with information from the text but using your own words (about 10-15 words of your own per sentence). DO NOT COPY LITERALLY from the text nor from statements 1.1 to 1.4. [2 items x 0.5 marks = 1 mark]
2.1. 15 and 16 year-old teenagers __________.
2.2. Children's maturity __________.

TEXT B. Andrew Tate (kickboxing world champion four times) became famous through social media as a self-declared misogynist. He left Twitter after saying women 'bear responsibility for being sexually assaulted' but was readmitted under Elon Musk. He claimed $600,000/month from a webcam business with 75 women. Greta Thunberg, Swedish activist, began at 15 a school strike in front of the Swedish parliament; addressed the 2.018 UN Climate Change conference, accusing world leaders of inaction. In December 2.022, Tate mocked her with a tweet about his 33 cars; she replied with a fake email 'tinypenis...@', setting social media on fire. Tate posted a response video from Romania; a pizza box revealed his location and he was arrested for human trafficking.
1. Read the text and choose the best option (A, B, or C) for items 1.1 to 1.4. [4 items x 0.5 marks = 2 marks]
1.1. Andrew Tate …
A. owes his fame to his career as a kickboxer principally.
B. has publicly said that women have some responsibility in being sexually attacked.
C. was forced to leave Twitter when Elon Musk took over the platform.
1.2. Over half a million dollars is …
A. what Andrew Tate has earned with videos showing women performing for him.
B. the estimated value of Tate's collection of cars.
C. what Tate paid to the 75 women who agreed to perform in his videos.
1.3. According to the text, in 2.018 Greta Thunberg …
A. received the Time's Most Influential People's award.
B. accused world leaders of not doing enough against climate change.
C. spoke in front of thousands of children who shared her environmental concerns.
1.4. Social media were set on fire …
A. in support of Greta Thunberg, who had been laughed at by Andrew Tate.
B. after an exchange of emails between Greta Thunberg and Andrew Tate.
C. when Andrew Tate was arrested under accusations of human trafficking.

SECTION II: USE OF ENGLISH (3 marks)
3. Complete the text choosing the best option (A, B, or C) for each gap (1-15). [15 items x 0.1 marks = 1.5 marks]
Historians believe the Maya people of Central America first learned to farm cacao plants around two thousand years (1)___ . The Maya took the cacao leaves from the rainforests and grew (2)___ in their gardens. They cooked the cacao seeds, then crushed them into a soft paste. They mixed (3)___ paste with water and spices to make an unsweetened chocolate drink. The Maya poured the chocolate drink back and forth (4)___ two containers so that the liquid had a layer of bubles, or foam. Cacao and chocolate were an important part of Maya culture. (5)___ are often images of cacao plants on Maya buildings and art objects. Ruling families (6)___ chocolate at special ceremonies. (7)___ even poorer members of society could enjoy the drink once in a (8)___ . Historians believe that cacao seeds were (9)___ used in marriage ceremonies as a sign of the union (10)___ husband and wife. The cacao plant could not grow in the area (11)___ the Aztecs lived, so they traded to get cacao. Only the very wealthy people in Aztec societies (12)___ afford to drink chocolate because cacao was so valuable. The Aztec ruler Montezuma (13)___ to drink fifty cups of chocolate every day. Some experts believe the word for chocolate came from the Aztec word 'xocolatl,' (14)___ in the Nahuatl language means 'bitter water'. (15)___ believe the word 'chocolate' was created by combining Mayan and Nahuatl words.
Options:
1. a) ago / b) time / c) back
2. a) it / b) up / c) them
3. a) a / b) the / c) –
4. a) between / b) across / c) within
5. a) These / b) There / c) They
6. a) drink / b) drank / c) drunk
7. a) But / b) Although / c) And
8. a) while / b) period / c) short
9. a) not / b) also / c) too
10. a) with / b) into / c) between
11. a) where / b) which / c) whose
12. a) should / b) could / c) ought
13. a) believed / b) was believed / c) had believed
14. a) who / b) whose / c) which
15. a) Other / b) Another / c) Others

SECTION II: USE OF ENGLISH
4. Complete THREE of the following sentences so that each sentence keeps the meaning of the sentence printed before it and includes a clear change of linguistic structure. [3 items x 0.5 marks = 1.5 marks]
4.1. The company director said, 'It's not true, we won't sell the business!'
The company director denied _____ the business.
4.2. I didn't say hello because I didn't see you.
If I _____ hello.
4.3. I'm sure you've seen her because she was standing right in front of you.
You _____ her, surely, because she was standing right in front of you.
4.4. Travelling by train is not as fast as travelling by plane but it is less expensive.
Travelling by plane _____ than travelling by train.
4.5. All the hotel staff are treating us really well.
We _____ all the hotel staff.
SECTION III: WRITING (4 marks)
5. Choose ONE of the four options below (a, b, c, or d) and write the corresponding text (150-175 words). [1 item x 4 marks = 4 marks]
a) Argumentative: 'Loving your job is more important than making a lot of money with it.' Discuss.
b) Descriptive: Describe the job of summer-camp instructor in the USA to a Norwegian friend.
c) Opinion: 'Parents should be able to choose their babies' traits before they are born.' Do you agree?
d) Email writing: To your mom about saving a surfer in Hawaii.